Thursday, 20 February 2020

Mindfulness Fights Inflammation in Stressed Adults

Chronic stress undermines health by increasing inflammation throughout the body, increasing the risk for heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease, among others. A pair of studies, published in PLOS ONE, find that mindfulness practice may help lessen this risk in those most vulnerable to stress: midlife-to-older adults, and those with a high body mass index (BMI).

The first study included 153 people between the ages of 18 and 70 who reported moderate to high levels of stress. Each was randomly assigned to one of three groups: Monitor+Accept training, Monitor Only instruction, and a stress management program control group. 

Monitor+Accept training focused on monitoring present-moment experiences, like physical sensations and emotions, and “welcoming and accepting” them. The Monitor Only program also emphasized paying attention to experiences in the present, but did not include teachings about acceptance. The stress management program taught coping strategies like reappraising thoughts, and practicing skills for solving personal problems.

Participants in each group listened to a 20-minute recording plus three- to ten-minute practices on their smartphones each day. They also provided blood samples before and after the two weeks of training to test for changes in C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a commonly measured biomarker of inflammation. (Research convincingly shows that chronically stressed people have higher levels of CPR compared to those who aren’t stressed, which places them at greater risk for illnesses like cardiac disease, diabetes, arthritis, and dementia.) 

Mindfulness practice lowers stress biomarkers for older and overweight adults

Results of the first study showed no differences in CRP after two weeks of training for either of the three groups. The researchers concluded that two weeks of meditation may not have been enough to lower biological stress markers. Researchers conducted a second study where they assigned a new sample of 137 adults to either a Monitor+Accept course based on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a MBSR-based program focusing on monitoring only, or a no training control group. 

This time the MBSR-based programs involved eight weekly, two- to three-hour-long in-person sessions, as well as a day-long retreat and approximately 45 minutes of daily meditation practice. Members of all three groups provided blood samples at the beginning of the study, then again eight weeks later. As in the first study, the groups who practiced meditation showed little change in the inflammatory biomarker CRP compared to the control group. 

Mindfulness practice was not directly linked to lower inflammation levels, but may have bolstered stress resilience among at-risk adults by preventing an increase in inflammatory biomarker levels.

This led researchers to examine whether adults classified as overweight or obese by the CDC (BMI greater than or equal to 25), or those over age 45 (both of whom generally have higher levels of CRP than younger adults and those with a BMI of less than 25), might be more positively impacted by meditation practice. They combined the data from the first and second studies, and compared results of younger adults with those aged 45 and older. They then compared results of adults with a higher BMI to those with a BMI of less than 25.

How mindfulness reduces biological damage from stress

What they found was that older adults in the control groups of both the two- and eight-week studies had higher levels of CRP compared to those who attended the mindfulness programs. There were no differences in CRP levels between the mindfulness training groups. This suggests that mindfulness practice was not directly linked to lower inflammation levels, but that it may have bolstered stress resilience among at-risk adults by preventing an increase in inflammatory biomarker levels.

The picture for overweight or obese adults was slightly different. In both studies, participants in both meditation groups showed decreases in CRP following training, while control group members showed an increase. Again, there were no differences between the Monitor+Accept and Monitor only groups.

Authors of the studies concluded that, while mindfulness meditation programs may not lead to the significant decrease of inflammatory biomarkers in all adults, stressed older adults or those with a higher BMI may experience some health benefits from mindfulness training.

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Wednesday, 19 February 2020

Mindfulness Poet of the People

Diego Perez—better known as yung pueblo—offers poetic insights on love, attachment, craving, and freedom. But he’s not a meditation teacher—just a meditator who has something to say, and a way with words. He spoke with Mindful.org’s Stephanie Domet about life before meditation and the hope that fuels his work.

Q: What compelled you to start meditating?

A: I think basically my own inner misery and dissatisfaction. I was just dominated by my sadness and anxiety and I felt a sense of inadequacy with my inability to love myself and felt just generally lost and unhappy. When I started seeing that some of the biggest parts of my unhappiness were related to me allowing my craving to just dominate my action, and I saw how unhealthy I had become by consuming a lot of different drugs, not taking care of myself, using drugs as a vehicle to get as far away from myself as possible, it all came to a screeching halt. One day I just felt like I was dying. And I decided that was enough. I felt miserable enough that I decided I would try anything to get myself out of that hole.

Q: How did you lift yourself out of that level of despair?

A: I wanted to add new value to my life, so I went over to Oregon, to a farm that my friend was working on, and I spent three months out there, so literally my day to day was simply farming, working in the gardens. It was good because it helped me get more in touch with being present, living a simple life. I stopped doing hard drugs about a year before, in the summer of 2011, and really started switching my life around, taking better care of myself—just practicing honest observation, honestly observing myself without running away, trying to see where all my discomfort was coming from. And then it was the summer of 2012 when I did my first meditation course. It really hit home in a way that nothing else ever has. I felt—even though it was very difficult for me, the course—I felt like I had lost a hundred pounds in my mind if that makes sense. I had lost so much mental weight and I felt better than ever, much more in touch with myself, much more at home in my own body and mind. I was just scratching the surface of how much more there was to really let go of.

Q: What does “letting go” mean to you, and when did you first realize it was something you could do?

A: It took time to realize that letting go was even happening. I think a year or two into my practice I started realizing that with really keen observation, real equanimity there was no grabbing, there was no attachment there, there was just this being able to accept what I was observing, with no active attachment. There’s so much we’re attached to, so much that’s driving all the tension and stress in the mind, and the act of letting go is really what unbinds all these tangled up patterns. To me letting go is just decreasing all these patterns that have been embedded throughout our lifetime in our subconscious mind and doing that through some sort of practice.

Q: You write under the name yung pueblo—young people. You’ve said this name refers to how young humanity is—and how much potential we have. What have you seen that gives you hope we’ll lean into that potential?

A: Before university, I spent a lot of time in the world of activism and I saw how powerful people could be when they came together around a common cause. But I always felt like something big was missing—what else can we add to our movements that could make everything much more powerful and effective in the long run? And then I started seeing that maybe it’s this aspect of wisdom, maturing, cultivating our minds—when I started doing my own personal cultivation, I saw that there was so much I did not know, there was a lack of maturity there. And when I started looking at the world, I saw how craving and aversion and ignorance really created this whole social-political system that we live in. To create a global peace, there needs to be more and more people who are able to feel a deep inner peace because inner peace comes with mental clarity, and with that mental clarity comes more creativity, more energy that we can use to better problem-solve and to look at the world much more clearly which makes all of our actions that much more effective.

There’s a threshold we cross when we start doing this inner work when we fundamentally begin to feel that to harm another is to harm one’s self.

I’m still walking on the path, I have much more to learn. Knowing that we don’t have to be perfect to make a certain degree of change, gives me hope. I’m not asking people to be perfect. I just think that there’s a threshold we cross when we start doing this inner work when we fundamentally begin to feel that to harm another is to harm one’s self. Not just intellectually but in my lived experience, it is literally to my benefit to not harm other people. As more and more people actually feel that, our world will change radically.

Q: You talk a lot about relationships—how to have healthy relationships, how to recognize when you’re not in one. How does your practice inform the advice you give?

A: I think just by trial and error. I’ve been married for five years. We’ve been together since we were young—she was 18 and I was 19, now I’m 32 and she’s 30. We have so much love for each other, but we learned that some of that love came with attachments that caused so much friction in our relationships. In the beginning of our relationship we just had no conception of being able to do inner work, know ourselves, or love ourselves, so there were a lot of arguments, and unnecessary conflict, but as we started meditating we started realizing that once we became serious about our personal individual growth and freedom it created so much more harmony in our relationship. Of course, we’re not perfect, but we’re learning how to just essentially better love each other, and better love ourselves, and that has really informed a lot of my writing on relationships.

Q: What are some things you do to maintain healthy boundaries in your life?

A: The primary thing that I do that helps me maintain healthy boundaries is that every day I have time to myself when I meditate. Every day I meditate two hours a day, one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening—like two pillars that hold up every single day. I’ve been doing that now for about four years and it has not only radically changed my life, but it helps me see myself, rejuvenate myself, and it helps me grow and maintain a sense of mental clarity. Even though there are ups and downs every day, I feel that it gives me so much that it would be foolish not to do it.

Q: What do you most want people to know about the value of mindfulness practices?

A: What I’ve come to understand through meditating is that a lot of our habit patterns are so deeply embedded in our subconscious and if we just think about things intellectually yes, there is a certain degree of progress we can make, but if we’re able to actually figure out through a practice how to really unbind those deeply embedded patterns, that conditioning over our entire lifetime, it helps so much, and I think that’s really done through meditation. If you can go on a long course, it just is truly invaluable. If it’s not something you can do, to go to a course, then practice to the degree that you can.

Q: You talk a lot about freedom, liberation. I think you’re talking about a kind of self-liberation, internal liberation—but how can our own mindfulness help dismantle the external systems of oppression that bear down on so many of us?

A: When I speak about freedom, there are these two words that I use often, they don’t necessarily equate, but one is healing and the other is freedom. And to me healing is doing what you need to do to decrease your mental tension so that you feel better, feel a little bit happier, feel a new sense of mental stability and a lot of that revolves around healing your personal traumas. Traumas become so dense they become these massive things that we have to live with and walk with but at the other end of that is real true liberation. By that I mean moving forward on the path in a way where you’re totally eradicating all deep conditioning that is stopping you from being totally loving, totally compassionate, having real sympathetic joy and real equanimity. To be able to do that—that’s a very long path.

Healing isn’t a forever thing, eventually there is an end to it.

I’m a mediator, but I’m not a meditation teacher. My writing is for people who are entering this world of personal transformation. Healing isn’t a forever thing, eventually, there is an end to it. I think as our personal liberation grows, as we cultivate our freedom and enhance it, that can only add to our movements to make this world a much better place, to really create a humane society, a world where we can all live well without harming each other—which is completely possible if we can imagine it, it’s possible. There have been so many groups of people who have tried to change their social structures and some of them have been successful, but a lot of times these movements crumble from within or become unstable. There’s so much inner work that hasn’t been done. You can have this ideal that you want to create a better world, but if you have not done your personal inner work, then there’s a big chance that these deep cravings or aversions, some ignorance or ego will come up—especially in moments when you have power—and it becomes really difficult to continue with your ideals in a virtuous way.

But there’s something that makes this moment in time very special. If you look historically there have been no other moments like this, where not only eastern practices but also western therapy have become global. If you live in a major city, you have so much more access. I mean, we have a ways to go in regards to accessibility, but we have so much more access than ever before to actually take up an introspective practice that will truly meet us where we’re at, so we can dig deep, decrease whatever it is that’s causing us so much mental tension. And in that decrease in mental tension, we’re going to be not only much kinder to ourselves but much more gentle and peaceful with those around us and much more creative in our solutions. More and more we’re seeing that people who are active in social movements are also meditating and getting serious about their own mental healing, their own self-liberation, and to me, that’s really exciting. It couldn’t have happened at a more perfect time when we have these monolithic challenges in front of us, climate change, racism, sexism, things we have to undo so that we can all live much happier lives. Now we have that missing piece, the ability to build inner peace which will later support global peace.

yung pueblo will be speaking at the Wisdom 2.0 Conference, happening March 5th through 8th in San Francisco. Tickets and scholarships available.

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Friday, 14 February 2020

Facing Fear (Part 1) – Awakening Your Fearless Heart


Fear is a natural and universal part of our incarnation, and, when it goes on overdrive, we get imprisoned in the suffering of separation. These two talks explore how the RAIN meditation can help us face fear, and discover the boundless loving awareness that includes but is not contracted by currents of fear.

It’s the heart that begins to sense that if we want to be free, we have to come into presence. We have to face what’s here and we need to do it with the help and support of each other. ~ Tara

The mind creates the abyss. The heart crosses over it. ~ Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj

How did the rose ever open up its heart and give to this world all of its beauty? It felt the encouragement of light against its being, otherwise we all remain too frightened. ~ Hafez (Daniel Ladinsky, translation)

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Thursday, 13 February 2020

One Week of Mindfulness Meditation May Help You Process Your Emotions

There is mounting evidence that mindfulness-based interventions can positively affect psychological well-being. But for some, the time and cost involved in mindfulness training can be a barrier. A new study finds that just one week of meditation may be enough to loosen the grip of negative emotions.

In the study, researchers in China assigned 46 college student volunteers to either a brief mindfulness meditation group intervention, or an emotion regulation education group. 

The meditation intervention, which was offered to 22 students, was based on core concepts of mindfulness and Vipassana breath meditation, combined with “knowledge gained from [the authors’] practical experience and from scientific reports on meditation.” The training involved a 30-minute lecture on theory of mindfulness meditation, followed by seven days of 15-minute audio-guided group meditation sessions. Students were instructed to close their eyes, relax, and focus on their breath. When thoughts came up, the students were to notice and acknowledge them, then “simply let them go by bringing attention back to the breath.”

The emotion-regulation education group also attended a 30-minute lecture on day one, which provided instruction on how to recognize and regulate their emotions. They were then asked to practice on their own for fifteen minutes per day for the next seven days.

Improved emotion management—in one week?

Before and after training, members of each group filled out questionnaires about their symptoms of depression and anxiety, and completed a number of computerized tasks to evaluate their emotion-processing skills.

Emotion processing was broken into three categories (intensity, memory, and attention bias). During the emotional-intensity task, students looked at 66 positive, negative, and neutral images one by one. After viewing each picture, they were asked to rate the strength of their emotional responses to it. In the emotional-memory task, students were presented with some of those same images, along with some new ones, and asked to recall which images they’d viewed previously.

In the attention bias task, participants were repeatedly presented with images of two faces. Each pair of faces contained either a happy, sad, or neutral person paired with another neutral face. Positioning of the neutral face varied from left to right. Face pairs were presented one at a time on the screen, then removed. Once the pictures disappeared, a dot appeared on either the left or right half of the screen, and students were asked to indicate which side the dot was on by pressing a key on a keyboard. Researchers assessed their accuracy and reaction time.

Meditators Were Better at Emotion Processing

After training, depression and anxiety scores didn’t change significantly for either group. This suggests that neither one week of brief meditation nor one week of emotion regulation practice are sufficient to meaningfully alter a person’s symptoms. 

Where researchers didfind improvement was in the meditators’ emotional processing. Specifically, people in the meditation group had better emotional memory and were less likely to pay attention to negative emotion after a week of group practice. They also reported experiencing less positive and negative emotional intensity than the control group. 

This study adds to what has, so far, been a mixed bag of evidence about the effects of a brief intervention on changes in mood. For example, in one study, researchers found that meditation was linked to greater peace of mind, but in another, no tie between meditation and increased positive emotion was found. More research will be needed to see whether brief interventions can reliably boost mood.

The silver lining is that a less time-intensive and costly form of group meditation training may be enough to help people to be less impacted by their negative emotions.

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Meditation: Open-Hearted Presence (23:53 min.)


This meditation establishes a kind attention by bringing the imagery and felt sense of a smile into the body scan and then, with the breath as a home base, opens the attention to changing experience. We end with a brief loving kindness reflection.

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Wednesday, 12 February 2020

Two Science-Backed Ways to Ease a Worried Mind

“Am I good enough?” “Am I parenting right?” “Why am I still single?” “Do people like me?” “Am I doing enough at work?”

This is what it sounds like when our worrying mind takes over. For many of us, these thoughts can fill up the unconscious background of daily life. They’re a lot like a soundtrack, an unnoticed but powerful emotional backdrop proclaiming what could go wrong, how things might not work out, and of all the horrible things that could happen.

From an evolutionary perspective, this ordinary worrying habit of the mind makes complete sense. If the goal is to avoid getting eaten by a predator (which it was thousands of years ago), then living in a state of continuous vigilance and low-grade anxiety is an adaptive trait, essential for survival. 

Of course, we no longer live in prehistoric times. The bulk of our worries have nothing to do with an unexpected saber tooth tiger attack. Instead, we have the uniquely modern luxury of worrying about things like the balance in our bank accounts, the fact that we weren’t included in a dinner party invite, or the fear that other people might not see us as constantly charming, impressive, and, well, even mindful.

This touches on a curious paradox of the modern human condition: even though most of us are safe, well-fed, and comfortable, we worry about future events, deadlines, and logistics as though our very existence were at risk.

Why We Worry

Long before modern neuroscience research, Mark Twain pointed toward the irrationality of this habit. “I’ve had a lot of worries in my life,” he declared, “most of which never happened.” Recent research on worry validates Twain’s wise observation. 

In a 2019 study at Penn State University, for instance, researchers examined the worries of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. They arrived at two striking conclusions: First, they found that 91 percent of the worries that tormented these patients never came true. Second, they found that simply noticing this fact – the fact that their worries rested mostly on make-believe – helped release people’s worry. 

But this raises a question: If the vast majority of our worries will never come true, then why do so many of us become seduced by this painful mental habit? If it’s so clearly irrational and counterproductive, why can’t we just put an end to this habit once and for all?

If the vast majority of our worries will never come true, then why do so many of us become seduced by this painful mental habit?

One of the answers offered by psychologists is that worry acts as a buffer against more intense negative emotions. It sounds crazy but here’s how it works: Imagine you’re about to give a speech in front of a large audience. In the hours before the event, you fear the fear you might experience once you walk on stage. So you start to worry. And while all of this worrying isn’t pleasant, it’s a way to gear up for this future state of discomfort. 

Worry, in other words, is like a negative emotional warm-up routine. It’s how your mind and body prepare for even greater fear and unease.

This kind of “preparation” worry can even have an upside. Researchers at UC Riverside have shown that worry can both motivate us and serve as an emotional buffer. Your worry about the speech, for example, might motivate you to practice it over and over, leaving you better prepared for the big moment when you walk on stage. 

Your worries about the speech also set up a largely positive and pleasurable experience that comes once the wait is finally over and you deliver the speech. The discomfort of worry, in other words, brings you down, which makes the euphoric experience of successfully delivering that dreaded speech all the more pleasurable. 

Two Science-Backed Ways to Ease a Worried Mind

Given that many of us are wired to worry, trying to get rid of or overcome worry is both unrealistic and counterproductive. The craving to eradicate worry, after all, only amplifies the suffering that comes from these looping thoughts whether we like it or not.

The science of worry, by contrast, offers a more skillful approach: Don’t try to get rid of worry. See if you can transform it instead. Recent research out of Case Western University points to two powerful, mindfulness-based, tools for doing just that.

1) Mindful Worrying: The first approach is to bring mindful attention to worrying. The key to this practice is to Notice-Shift-Rewire. The first step is to Notice. Notice that your mind has slipped into this seductive state. Once you Notice, you can then Shift your mind state by bringing your attention to worrying itself. It’s a shift from aversion to investigation – from fighting it or checking out to seeing your worries as thought forms arising in the present moment. The final step is to Rewire – to take just 15 seconds to stay with and savor this shift in perception.

The research shows that this simple shift leads to the experience of “decentering” – experiencing a slight disidentification with your worried mind. It’s subtle but this sense of space between you and your worries helps release the grip of worry.  You begin to see these “worry thoughts” simply as thoughts, and you can watch them come and go from a place of greater peacefulness and ease.

2) Practicing Gratitude: A second science-backed approach to transforming worry is grounded in the practice of gratitude. Unlike mindful worrying, this technique involves a more active response to worries. At its core, the practice is to notice when you’re caught in worry and then shift by bringing your attention to some present-moment source of joy or gratitude. 

When you’re worried about a difficult day ahead, for instance, notice your worried thoughts.  Then shift your attention toward what you’re grateful for right now – the morning light, a delicious breakfast, the taste of your latte. Finally, rewire by savoring the experience of gratitude for just a few seconds.

The research shows that both of these practices are powerful salves for a worried mind. Whichever practice you pursue, it’s worth remembering that the key is awareness. The ability to choose to Notice-Shift-Rewire is a proven skillful means for integrating mindfulness practice into your daily life. 

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Friday, 7 February 2020

Embodied Presence (Part 2) – Planting Our Roots in the Universe – Working with Pain


In describing our human predicament and dis-ease, D.H. Lawrence says we are like a great tree with our roots in the air. We need to replant ourselves—in our bodies, hearts and spirit. These two talks are guides to replanting ourselves. In Part 1, we explore how we are so often dissociated from the life of our body, and the pathways home. Part 2 looks at the challenges of pain, fear and trauma, and how we can gradually and skillfully reconnect with a wholeness of being.

May we be blessed to live from embodied presence… to realize the love and creativity and freedom that are our essence. ~ Tara

This very body that we have, that’s sitting right here right now… with its aches and it pleasures… is exactly what we need to be fully human, fully awake, fully alive. ~ Pema Chödron

Go with the pain, let it take you. Open your palms and your body to the pain. It comes in waves like the tide and you must be open as a vessel lying on the beach, letting it fill you up and then, retreating, leaving you empty and clear… with a deep breath – it has to be as deep as the pain – one reaches a kind of inner freedom from pain, as though the pain were not yours but your body’s. The spirit lays the body on the altar. ~ Anne Morrow Lindbergh

 

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